1. Kentucky’s Position- At first we were officially a neutral state. Though, after a few months we joined the Union, and became a slaveholding Union state.
2. Anaconda Plan- This was a plan of the Union to cut off the Confederacy. It was proposed by Winfield Scott. It called for the blocking of the Southern ports and advancing down the Mississippi River, which would cut the South in two.
3. Northern Advantages-More people, more money, more labour supplies(guns, metal, ammunition), stronger moral cause, Recognized Gov.
4. Southern Advantages- fighting a defensive war, Thought they would have foreign intervention(false advantage), fought on their land, strong leadership
5. Northern Strategy- The Anaconda Plan- Invade south, strangle supplies, WIN
6. Bull Run Results- It created Confederate overconfidence, and increased deserters in the Confederacy; it created distress in the North and made them buckle down for a long war.
7. Problems of Union Commanders- They were either too overcautious, drunk, and also Southern commanders ranked higher in West Point, so the Union did not have the best commanders.
8. Grant in the West- Grant is very successful in the West; he starts at Fort Henry and takes it. Then he goes to Fort Donelson, and takes it. Then he goes down through Missouri and Georgia. Some of his major battles are Vicksburg.
9. The Seven Days- This was an attempt of George McClellan to invade Richmond. Part of the Peninsula Campaign. He met General Lee, and fought a series of battles for seven days. He won most of these battles, yet he still retreated. So this was considered a failure.
10. Northern Problems 1862- In 1862, the Union’s main problem was finding suitable commanders. They were constantly losing battles and switching commanders constantly.
11. Antietam-results- Lee has to cross the Potomac, which would be a perfect time to attack, but McClellan fails to pursue. This allows them to retreat and allow the war to go on for 2-3 more years. Another result is Lincoln fires McClellan after the Battle of Antietam. He later runs as a Peace Democrat in the election of 1864. Also, the biggest result is that it allowed him to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
12. Emancipation Proclamation-results- Greatly increased the number of blacks in the Union army. It aroused the hatred of blacks among whites. Another result is that there was never any more talk of England helping the South.
13. Fredericksburg- Fought between Lee and Burnside; this was one of Lee’s attempts to invade the North. This was a one-sided battle for the Confederacy; they won with horrible casualties inflicted in the Union.
14. Chancellorsville- Fought between Lee and Hooker; this was another attempt of Lee to invade the North. This was also a successful battle for the Confederacy because they divided the forces and overtook the Union. Though they did suffer a large loss with the death of Stonewall Jackson.
15. Gettysburg- This was the third in a series of battles of Lee to invade the North and overtake the Union. Here he lost to the Union because of a lucky guess by the Union army. They guessed that he was going to attack there center so they reinforced it. This was the beginning of the end of the battle. The Union won, and this was a major battle for them.
16. Vicksburg- During this battle the Union general was General Grant, and he beat the Confederacy in the West, with this victory and the victory of Gettysburg this was the turning point of the war. This and Gettysburg were major battles for the Confederacy.
17. Chickamauga- This was probably the largest Union defeat on the Western front. Braxton Bragg from Kentucky led the Confederate forces and defeated the Union.
18. Petersburg- There was a series of battles from late 1864 till mid 1865 around Petersburg, Virginia. These were the last battles, and the Siege of Petersburg was during the event when the surrender was forced upon General Lee.
19. Commerce raiders- These were ships that invaded the Union blockade, and got cotton which was then sold to Britain, France, and many other places. They were small ships that were successful and got a lot of profit, though with a large risk.
20. The Bayonet’s Role- This just means that the Bayonet the metal apparatus at the end of the rifle was used for hand to hand (up close) combat, and was rarely used or effective.
21. Artillery- The artillery was much improved in the Civil War. They had started using muskets, but then turned to rifles. The rifles had a spinning conical bullet that greatly improved accuracy and effectiveness. They could fire about 3 bullets a minute.
22. Andersonville- Found in Georgia it is a site of a prisoner of war camp during the war, which just means that it held hostages.
23. The role of the 1864 election- This was great for the Union because if the Confederacy had won they would have the war would have ended. The Union was able to win with President Lincoln.
24. The Wars 1st year- This was pretty uneventful. There were only a few battles. There was the 1st Battle of Bull Run and Battle at Ft. Sumter. The Union did not do so well, whereas the South did which boosted their confidence.
25. England- They played a big part in this war. At first they helped the South in a secret way, but after the battle of Antietam it assured that England would not help the South even if they needed the cotton. The people of England supported the North.
26. Rail- This was quite a controversy in the war. The South had little rail so this hurt them deliver goods to their forces. After the war started the North built tons of rail that helped supply its troops on both the Eastern and Western fronts.
27. Southern Union societies- These societies were normally peace societies who were in the lower North. They opposed war and sided with the South on some issues.
28. Grant vs. Lee- Grant was more of the nonprofessional general, he drunk, and had different tactics. He ranked toward the middle in his class at West Point. Lee was more professional and ranked second in his class at West Point. He never received a demerit. He fought hard and was the most popular and successful general out there.
29. Sherman’s March- Sherman started in Atlanta, Georgia and marched to Savannah, Georgia while destroying land, houses, and many other things. This hurts Southern support of war, because they are too worried about their destroyed land.
30. Black Regiments- Right after the Emancipation Proclamation, many blacks enlisted in the Union army. Then they would form regiments and fight against the Confederacy. They were so despised that their loses were incredible, and you would almost lose a whole regiment in a single battle.
31. Civil War Deaths- The number of deaths in the Civil War was astounding. Altogether, the losses accounted to be right at 600,000 people.
32. Northern culture- Very industrial. First Millionaires in U.S history were seen here. Very prosperous and wealthy
33. Mill Springs- Was fought near Nancy, this was a major battle in Kentucky. This was a Union victory. Zollicoffer was leading the South and he thought that some of his troops were being fired upon by other Confederate troops, so he went to stop it. But when he did, he discovered that it was Union troops, and he was killed. This led to confusion on the side of the Confederates, and led to their loss.
34. Carolina Campaign- This is where General Sherman marched from Atlanta through the Carolinas then back into Southern Georgia. In Carolina he destroyed a majority of the land, which would later lead to Reconstruction.
35. Perryville- This is probably the largest battle in Kentucky of the Civil War. Braxton Bragg led the Confederate forces, and Buell led the Union forces. The South won largely because of Bragg and his attacks on the center, right, left and many other sides of attack. The total casualties were close to 8,000 people.
36. The Wilderness- This battle was complete chaos. It was fought between Lee and Grant, this battle was really not a win or loss for either side. Here the undergrowth caught on fire, which left many soldiers that were wounded screaming while dying.
37. Chickamauga- This is a repeat of number 17.
38. Ft. Donelson and Ft. Henry- These were some of the first battles fought by U.S. Grant. He won both of them. At Ft. Donelson they overtook the Confederate fort that had captured Ft. Donelson. The Battle of Ft. Henry is before the Battle of Ft. Donelson, at the battle of Ft. Henry they used the combined forces of the navy and two divided land forces to take Ft. Henry.
39. Jackson’s Valley Campaign- This was an attempt of Stonewall Jackson to pretend like he was about to attack Washington D.C. so that they would reinforce the troops to fight against him, and not reinforce Union troops attacking General Lee. He was very successful and won many battles leading up into invading the North where they think he died.
40. 1st Bull Run- This is the first major battle in the Civil War. The commander of the Union was General McClellan and he did not want to attack the Confederate forces. This looked like a Union victory until Stonewall Jackson held his regiment, and attacked the Union. He was standing like a wall, and he drove the Union back. This was a Confederate victory.
41. Peninsula Campaign- McClellan’s idea was to go by the Virginia peninsula to attack the Confederates and overtake Richmond the Confederate capital. This led to the Seven Days and was a costly failure to the Union.
42. Cold Harbor- This was a very bloody Union defeat. It was a battle between Lee and Grant. The Union lost thousands of soldiers and did not gain any advantage from the battle. Grant said that he ever regretted the assault was ever made.
43. Shiloh-This was a major battle in the Western theatre. It was fought between Johnston for the Confederates and Grant for the Union. The Confederates launched a surprise attack on Grant, and they were winning the first day, but they lost on the second day, and the Union won the battle.
44. Antietam- This is the bloodiest battle in American history. It is an attempt by the Confederates to invade the North. There were right at 23,000 casualties. It was a success for the Confederates at first, but McClellan with his superior numbers did win even though he did not use all of his troops.
45. Atlanta- This is the site where General Sherman first took over and started his march to the sea.
46. Richmond- This was the Confederate capital. It is just about 100 miles south of Washington D.C. In between Washington and Richmond is where most of the action in the Western front happens. Richmond is in Virginia.
47. Lincoln’s view of Grant- Lincoln liked Grant, because he says this man fights. He was not like McClellan, who was overly cautious; he would always try to advance even if he was losing. He said that if Grant was a drunk to get him the brand because every general should be more like him.
48. Copperheads- They opposed the war through attacks against the draft, Lincoln, and emancipation.
49. “States rights” as Southern weakness- It is a weakness because the different parts of the nation of the Confederacy were divided and were the supreme source or command of power. The state power was supreme over the national power, so each state could do what it pleased. Each state had power over everything.
50. Appomattox- This is the site where the Confederates surrendered to the Union. Lee retreated west from Richmond hoping to join forces of those in North Carolina. When he first attacked, he thought it might just be cavalry, but he soon discovered there was much more and so he had no choice but to surrender.
51. Grants strategy vs. Lee-
52. Rich man’s war, Poor man’s fight- This is saying that this war was to protect the rich man and his slave because they were the main ones benefiting from the slaves, but they could get out of serving by paying a few hundred dollars or just by having 20 or more slaves. While it was the poor men who fought for the Confederacy and most of them didn’t even have slaves.
53. Pickett’s Charge- This represents the highest point the Confederacy ever reaches on Union soil, and it also is the highest point the Confederacy reaches in the war. Though this is a disaster on the last day of Gettysburg, this is the beginning of the Southern downfall.
54. Winfield Scott- A major general in the War of 1812 and the Spanish-American War, he becomes too big to ride a horse. He was the one who proposed the Anaconda Plan, and saw that this was going to be a long war.
55. Irwin McDowell- He is a Union general who is largely known for his defeat in the 1st Battle of Bull Run. He was preparing his soldiers for battle, but with pressure from Washington and Northern citizens he attacked and loss because of experience and “Stonewall” Jackson.
56. J.E.B. Stuart- He was a Confederate general who was widely known for his defeat at Gettysburg. He was separated from Lee, which led to confusion and ultimately their loss. He also attacked McClellan on the Peninsula campaign. He took over for Stonewall Jackson at the Battle of Chancellorsville.
57. Stonewall Jackson- He first becomes famous at the 1st Battle of Bull Run. His forces appear like they are losing but his regiment stands like a wall and defeat the Union. He is also famous for his success in the Shenandoah Valley, 2nd Battle of Bull Run, Antietam, and many other battles. He is killed at Chancellorsville by his own troops.
58. McClellan- The leading general of the Union for a time, he was overly cautious and even when he won he would retreat. He was removed after the battle of Antietam, because he wouldn’t use all of his forces and would wait to attack and let the enemy get away.
59. Ambrose Burnside- He was known for his sideburns. He was successful in Eastern Tennessee and in North Carolina, but when he was given command at the battle of Fredericksburg he was defeated and dropped from the top commanding position.
60. “Fighting” Joe Hooker- He was a major general in the Civil War. He is distinctly remembered for his defeat at the Battle of Chancellorsville, and relieved from the commanding position.
61. U.S. Grant- He first became successful in the Western front of the Civil War, at the battle of Vicksburg at Ft. Henry and Ft. Donelson. He then becomes the leading general and fights with lee at battles like the Wilderness and Appomattox where Lee surrenders to Grant, and the South are given generous terms.
62. George H. Thomas- He has not talked about these so I don’t know about these next 4.
63. John Bellhood- a Confederate general during the American Civil War. Hood had a reputation for bravery and aggressiveness that sometimes bordered on recklessness. Arguably one of the best brigade and division commanders in the Confederate States Army, Hood became increasingly ineffective as he was promoted to lead larger, independent commands late in the war, and his career was marred by his decisive defeats leading an army in the Atlanta Campaign and the Franklin-Nashville Campaign.
64. Jubal Early-launched assault on Washington D.C to try to divert Union men from Petersburg. Did not work. Some other union army met him and won a small battle.
65. Admiral Farrgut- was a flag officer of the United States Navy during the American Civil War. He was the first rear admiral, vice admiral, and full admiral of the Navy. He is remembered in popular culture for his order at the Battle of Mobile Bay, usually paraphrased: "Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!" by U.S. Navy tradition.
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