Peckture Test

1. Radicals: Led by Thaddeus Stevens-supported strict reconstruction-advocates of the Wade-Davis Bill. They believed the states had committed "suicide"-and HAD separated from the Union and were therefore "conquered provinces".

2. Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan: 10% Plan-"Charity towards all, malice towards none". Once 10% of citizens in one of the 5 military districts of the South pledged allegiance to the Union, troops were withdrawn and reconstruction was done there.

3. Wade-Davis Bill: 50% of citizens must make an ironclad oath to the Union stating they had never been in rebellion against the Union. This was proposed by the radical Republicans.

4. Thaddeus Stevens: Major advocate of Wade-Davis Bill-he led Radical Republicans.

5. 13th Amendment: Freed slaves

6. 14th Amendment: Provided citizenship to freedmen

7. 15th Amendment: Provide all males suffrage

8. John Wilkes Booth: Actor who assassinated President Lincoln in Ford's Theater

9. Freedman's Bureau: Organization created in order to deal with unskilled state of blacks-it was a primitive welfare agency. The only great contribution made by the Bureau was in education. The organization was often considered mischievous due to tricking freedmen out of land they had rights to through sharecropping or tricky labor contracts. However, the South still hated the Bureu for "trying to upset white dominance".

10. Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty & Reconstruction: Outlined a path by which each southern state could rejoin the Union. Under Lincoln's plan a minority of voters (equal to at least 10 percent of those who had cast ballots in the election of 1860) would have to take an oath of allegiance to the Union and accept emancipation.
Lincoln hoped through his "10 percent plan" to undermine the Confederacy by establishing pro-Union governments within it.

11. Johnson's Reconstruction Plan: Agreed with Lincoln on 10% Plan. Also disenfranchised many leading former Confederates and forced districts to ratify the 13th Amendment.

12. Joint Committee of Fifteen: Formed in opposition to Johnson by the Radicals. This ensured Congress would control Reconstruction. They passed a number of measures in order to secure the safety of blacks under Johnson's vetoes.

13. Black Codes: Regulated blacks in response to Johnson's plan for reconstruction. Ensured a labor force for the South and issued tricky labor contracts. Also allowed for freedmen to be labeled as "idle" which would result in consequence (i.e. labor force/chain gang)

14. Reconstruction Acts of 1867-68/Tenure of Office Act- Creation of five military districts in the seceded states not including Tennessee, which had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and was readmitted to the Union. Requiring congressional approval for new state constitutions (which were required for Confederate states to rejoin the Union). Confederate states give voting rights to all men. All former Confederate states must ratify the 13th Amendment. Congress also passed the tenure of office act stating that a accidental president can not remove the previous president’s cabinet members without congressional approval. This was put in place to give a “legal reason to impeach Johnson over the firing of Sec. of War Stanton

15.Henry Wirz- a Confederate officer tried and executed in the aftermath of the American Civil War for conspiracy and murder relating to his command of Camp Sumter, the Confederate prisoner of war camp near Andersonville, Georgia. Only person to be executed after the civil war
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16.Scalawags- Pro-union southerners that aided in reconstruction and that were corporative. Though of as traitors by non loyal white southerners.

17.Carpetbaggers-Northerner(soldiers, business men, etc) who moved to the south to find jobs and get financial benefit from the south’s reconstruction. Hated by white southerners. Moved with belongings wrapped in carpet.

18.P.B.S Pinchback-– December 21, 1921) was the first non-white and first person of African American descent to become governor of a U.S. state. A Republican, he served as the 24th Governor of Louisiana for 35 days, from December 9, 1872, to January 13, 1873.

19.Knights of the white Camelia/KKK-The Knights of the White Camellia was a secret group opposing the carpetbaggers in the U.S. Southern states during the Reconstruction era and beyond. Like most of such groups, it was founded by a Confederate veteran, as veterans represented most of southern white men. It was similar to and associated with the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), as it supported white supremacy and was opposed to Republican government. However, unlike the Klan, which drew much of its membership from lower-class southerners (primarily Confederate veterans), the White Camellia consisted mainly of southerners who were or had been from higher classes. KKK was also a intimidation group. Made of mostly confed vets and other racist southerners

20.Force Acts-The Force Acts were mainly aimed at limiting the activities of the Ku Klux Klan. Through the acts, actions committed with the intent to influence voters, prevent them from voting, or conspiring to deprive them of civil rights, including life, were made federal offenses. Thus the federal government had the power to prosecute the offenses, including calling federal juries to hear the cases.

21.Plessey V Ferguson-landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in private businesses (particularly railroads), under the doctrine of "separate but equal".

22.E.M Stanton- was an American lawyer and politician who served as Secretary of War under the Lincoln Administration during the American Civil War from 1862-1865. Stanton's effective management helped organize the massive military resources of the North and guide the Union to victory. After Lincoln's assassination, Stanton remained as Secretary of War under President Andrew Johnson during the first years of Reconstruction. He opposed the lenient policies of Johnson towards the former Confederate States. Johnson's attempt to dismiss Stanton led the House of Representatives to impeach him.

23.Rutherford B. Hayes-during his presidency, Hayes ordered federal troops to suppress The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 and ended Reconstruction by removing troops from the South. After the removal of the Federal troops, all southern states soon returned to Democratic control, signaling the start of the Jim Crow South.

24.Hiram Revels- was the first African American to serve in the United States Senate. Since he preceded any African American in the House, he was the first African American in the U.S. Congress as well. Mississippi

25.Robert Brown Elliot- was an African American member of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina.\