Mining Towns- These towns sprang up overnight from the miners swarming into find gold, some are still major towns, but most have dwindled down to nothing.
Last Chance Gulge- Helena, Montanna
Pike’s Peak- Denver, Colorado
Sioux- war Tribe of the North Plains Indians, most problems with them arose from land ownership of the black hill, they were ruthless killers in battle.(Wounded Knee, Little Big Horn)
Buffalo Bill- A icon of the American west, he did “west themed variety shows”, contributed to the romanticized view of the the hard west. Befriended Indians.
Reservation System- America’s first welfare system, the reservations were set up in attempts to americanize the indian, and to gain access to lands clained by the indians, the reservation gave indians some money, clothes, and food to make it look appealing.
Sitting Bull- The Religious, and war leader of the Sioux Indian Tribe, Toured with buffalo bill, seen as a more american indian than his other sioux chiefs(Crazy horse), he did sign treaties and negotiate with the army.
Vaqueros- spanish cowboys
Cowboy attire- Chaps, boots with spurs, 10 gallon/ cowboy hats. this attire was to adapt and live more easily on cattle drives and in the open plains.
Barbed Wire- The wire used as fencing made keeping cattle in specific grazing areas eaiser,Barbed wire played an important role in the protection of range rights in the U.S. West. Although some ranchers put notices in newspapers claiming land areas, and joined stockgrowers associations to help enforce their claims, livestock continued to cross range boundaries. Fences of smooth wire did not hold stock well, and hedges were difficult to grow and maintain. Barbed wire's introduction in the West in the 1870s dramatically reduced the cost of enclosing land. Inventer by Joseph Glidden
Gandy Dancers- Irish railroad workers in the south and midwest.
Transcontinental Railroad- Linked the US from N to S and E to W.
Great Northern-James Hill, St. Paul to Seattle
Central Pacific KS to Promontory Point
Northern Pacific- Chicago to L.A
George A. Custer- Civil war officer turned indian fighter, custer’s last stand(Little Big Horn)-killed there, most famous oops in the indian wars
Chief Joseph- Nez Perce Indian Chief, peaceful tribe until their land was beginning to be forcefully taken from them, led his entire tribe on a goose chase against the government that lasted apx. 4 months, finally surrendered and move to reservations, said “I wll fight no more forever”
Wyatt Earp- an American peace officer in various Western frontier towns, farmer, teamster, buffalo hunter, gambler, saloon-keeper, miner and boxing referee. He is best known for his participation in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral.
Henry Comstock- Founder of the Comstock Lode, a gold rush in Virginia City, Nevada. He did not make a ton of money, because the mining companies came in and dug the ore out with their specialized machines, and they kept what they found.
Big Foot- A sioux chief, and a cause of the wounded knee massacre, he encouraged violence with the ghost dance(even though it was not apart of it), killed at wounded knee, very skilled in war tactics in the plains.
Jim Thorpe- Indian that went to the Carlisle school to be “saved, or americanized”. One of the greatest athletes of the 20th century.
Helen Hunt Jackson- “A Century of Dishonor”, a book that showed the horror and dishonor of the way the american government, and people treated the indians.
Frederick Jackson Turner- “The Significance of the Frontier in American History”, wrote book that illustrates the importance of the “scape-goat” way of thinking the west offered Americans up until the time of complete western settlement.
Joseph McCoy- Founded the idea of cattletowns, he built railroad stations, barns, and other things for the cow herders. Abilene, KS beca, one of the first cowtown, built Kansas Pacific, opened Chisholm trail for travel
Joseph Glidden- Inventor of barbwire fence, changed the west because of it.
Black Bart- Notorious stage coach robber, not violent, 28 continuous successful holdups. Nevr killed anyone during the crime. On foot, left notes to say he did it.
Red Cloud- was a war leader and the head Chief of the Sioux, led them to the reservations after the treaty of Fort Laramie in1868.
James J. Hill- Led the construction of the Great Northern Pacific, and the settlement of Red River Valley in North Dakota and Minnesota, and other parts of the american NW.
Geronimo- Chief of the Apache Indians. Fought against US and mexican expansion into his territory.
The Buffalo’s Importance- The buffalo was the practically the only food source for the plains indians, so the buffalo served as their lifeline. It also served as a means for clothing, shelter, and other necessities. When the buffalo started being killed off by the “white man” the indian way of life almost ceased.
Nez Perce- Peaceful South west indian tribe, until the US Gov try to forcefully take their land. Led by Chief Joseph. Eventually surrendered and moved to reservations. Went on a 4 month long jouney being chased by the US Army.
Dawes Act- The indian version of the homestead act. 160 acres, 25 yrs, If indians completed the 25 yrs on the far, they were a US citizen and they could vote. used in the hopes that the wild indian west would settle, and try to americanize the indian as well
Ghost Dance- Founded by Wovoca, Not taken well by US: Goal of the dance was
1. White man Gone
2.Return of the Buffalo
3.Dead warriors would rise up and rejoin the tripe to fight
Homestead Act- Gave land to people willing to settle west. 160 acres, had to stay for 5 yrs to get deed form the US Gov. the most influential thing in settling the west. only cost was an application fee.
Longhorns- Texas breed of cow, the cow that was mainly in the cattle drives from texas to cow town so they could be transported to the east. very lean, Mr. Peck says this cow is not that good to eat.
Chisholm Trail- 1st and largest cattle trail in the west. Went from TX to Abilene, KS. Founded by Joseph McCoy.
Abilene- 1st cow town, made by Joseph McCoy, provided as a rail stop to transport cattle back east. Eventually banned cows and cowboys for their unsightliness.
Harrison’s Hoss Race- Name given to the race to get into Oklahoma to stake out someone’s 160 acres. Some snuck in early. Known as sooners, OK became the sooner state because of this.
Apache- War indians of the South West, led by Geronimo
Wounded Knee- Massacre of an entire Sioux Indian tribe by US Soldiers, seen as an unbelievable mistake and war sin against all indians. Sparked by troops firing after they saw one gun shot inside the camp while on a cliff with guns pointing at the camp. (Big Foot’s Tribe)
Wovoca- Creator of the “Ghost Dance”, seen as a religious leader to most plains indians tribe.
Trail of Tears- The trail the Eastern Civilized indian tribes were forced to travel on, as a result of the indian removal act. This trail led to oklahoma reservation land, most indian tribe members became very ill, and died on this trail. reason for the name.
No comments:
Post a Comment