The 20's Lecture Test

1. Charles Lindbergh- First pilot to cross the Atlantic, US Hero, son was kidnapped, lindbergh law
2. Al Jolson- an American singer, comedian and actor. In his heyday, he was dubbed "The World's Greatest Entertainer".He was born in Russia (now Lithuania) and emigrated to America at the age of five with his Jewish parents. The Jazz Singer
3. Demobilization- Brought 4 mil. Soldiers home “overnight”, no jobs or retirement available, $60 and a rail ticket to get home,
4. Labor Strikes- Boston Police Strike- Strike was broken by Coolidge, sent national guard to protect city,
- Steel Strike- William Foster, not “bread and Butter”, radical “red” fueled strike
- Coal Strike- Violent, United Mine Workers, John L. Lewis, Moderate
5. The Red Scare- US feared a communist revolution or “red” because of Russia, prompted anti-immigration of eastern europe, deportation of radical commies, revived KKK, Sacco & Vanzetti
6. A.M. Palmer- Attorney General for Wilson, Socialist, believed he was supposed to revolutionize the US under Communism, and unite the working class.
7. Sacco and Vanzetti- Two communists that murdered someone, put on trial w/ supreme court, made to look like a persecution of communism instead of a murder trial. They were both hanged. Gave the “cause” a martyr.
8. Marcus Garvey- UNIA(United Negro Improvement Association), Black separationist, though African americans should only interact with other AA, anti-integration, paved way for the nation of islam mvt, deported to liberia for tax evasion
9. Andrew Mellon- Sec. of Treasury under harding and Coolidge, invented supply side economics, tax down revenue up, brought down national debt considerably,
10. Teapot Dome- Emergency Oil reserve for the Navy, rented out by Sec of Interior to private company illegally.
11. Albert Fall- Sec of Interior under harding, rented out Teapot Dome to company, received large bribed, tried and jailed
12. H.L Mencken- American Mercury, Ridiculed American Life, wrote for a superior European lifestyle, symbolized the young generation in america
13. Al Smith-New Yorker that was the Democratic nominee for 1928, radio was a big part of his loss because he spoke with a very heavy new york accent, south for the first time did not vote all Dem,. also not voted for because he was a catholic, anti prohibition, irish,
14. Speakeasies- Underground illegal bars, were created for the sale of liquor during prohibition in large cities that liked to drink, symbolizes underground and party time of the 20’s
15. Flappers- Modern women of the time that liked to push the hem of their skirt up. Smoked in public, shirt skirts, lipstick, “sexy”, partied, ignored victorian traditions and etiquette
16. Al Capone- The most famous gang boss EVER, led the chicago bootlegger and smuggling business during the prohibition period in the 20’s
17. 21st Amendment- Repealed prohibition on Dec. 5 1933
18. Hiram Evans- Revived the KKK in the 20’s, became the Imperial Wizard
19. Sinclair Lewis- Critic of America- “main-street” criticized small town and middle america, “dodsworth” attacked business class, “the babbit” criticized middle class values, “Elmer Gantry” criticized big religion.
20. Ernest Hemingway- His characters became the models of 20’s rebellion, “A Farewell to Arms”- expressed discontent and anger for WW1, “The Sun Also Rises”
21. F. Scott Fitzgerald-”The Great Gatsby”, satired american material success, This side of Paradise- explored youth of the time, Coined the term”The Jazz Age”
22. Harriet Monroe-”poetry”- a magazine about poetry, had dark, critical articles in it about US
23. The Harlem Renaissance- A rise in Black culture in Harlem, NYC. Black Intellectuals, Novelists, Poets, and artists went back to their heritage and connected with their african roots, took african names, culture, clothes
24. Alain Locke- “The New Negro”, wanted African Americans to “Be Proud” of their heritage, dont conform or give in the white culture, reconnect
25. Ohio Gang- The advisors and friends that Harding took with him to D.C.- very corrupt and not good administrators, Harding once stated”It;s my friends that are keeping me up at night”
26. Rudolph Valentino- Silent Screen Romantic Latin Star
27. K.D.K.A- The first commercial radio station on the US, out of Pittsburg, carried election results of the 1920 pres election
28. Piggly Wiggly-Piggly Wiggly was the first true self-service grocery store. revolutionized home cooking and gave tremendous leisure time because you did not have to go and get food from the field etc.
29. John Scopes- which a high school biology teacher John Scopes was accused of violating the state's Butler Act that made it unlawful to teach evolution. Scopes was found guilty, but the verdict was overturned on a technicality and he was never brought back to trial. The trial drew intense national publicity, as national reporters flocked to the small town of Dayton, to cover the big-name lawyers representing each side. William Jennings Bryan, three time presidential candidate for the Democrats, argued for the prosecution
30. Jazz-Music of the 20’s, created by African American southerners but made famous by withe northerners, heavily influenced by slave music and african traditional, became the first commercially successful and advertised music in the Country.
31. George Gershwin- Composer of Big Band Jazz, Rhapsody in Blue, very popular, influences music even today, died young
32. D.W. Griffith-Kentuckian, First Famous holly wood director, The Birth of a Nation,
33. Lon Chaney-Silent Film Actor, Phantom of the Opera, Horror Films
34. Louis Armstrong- Famous Jazz Trumpeter
35. Charlie Chaplin- Actor and Musician, Comedy Silent Films, British
36. Douglas Fairbanks- Action/Adventure Silent screen star, Thief of Baghdad, Wife- Mary Pickford
37. Gertrude Ederle- 1st person successfully swam the English Cannel
38. Clara Bow- The first “It” girl of Hollywood, 20’s
39. Immigration Policy- National Origins Act, Limited immigration of the “lesser” eastern Europeans and favored the more “American” western Europeans, In general- americans did not want anymore immigrants cramming the US up.
40. Eugene O’Neil- 1st American Playwright to win a nobel Prize in Literature, Freudian, “A Strange Interlude”, “Anna Christie”
41. Effects of the Automobile- Young people started straying from the home and exploring their sexual urges, the focus shifted from the family to freedom, more parts of the country were available for visiting(Beach), america started to “grow” for people who had once been stuck in the same place.
42. Radio- Patented by Edison, KDKA, brought the family back home to the fireside to listen to programming, homogenized american dialect, HUGE pop culture impact(Jazz),Allowed america to hear their president
43. Installment Buying- more and more people started buying high dollar items by paments for a period of time, this caused an artificial bubble the eventually popped, When the market crashed companies were not getting the money from the customers who had lost everything and then the companies began to close down
44. Psychology-the new science of the 20’s, Sigmund Freud “explained” that unhappiness and disease was caused by pent up sexual energy that “must be released”, people of the age did that. Seen as more or less unfounded and a crock.
45. Foreign Policy- Americans wanted out of the business of “over there”, most people wanted an isolationist policy- as did the presidents of the time. America had very little involvement in europe(other than trade which was diminishing.) the US did have a presence in the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and other Caribbean nations for the most part of the decade
46. Margret Sanger- Championed contraception and planning of birth, eugenic ideas
47. Red Grange- a college and professional American football halfback for the University of Illinois, the Chicago Bears, and for the short-lived New York Yankees. His signing with the Bears helped legitimize the National Football League.
48. Babe Ruth- an American Major League baseball player from 1914–1935. Ruth originally broke into the major leagues with the Boston Red Sox as a starting pitcher, but after he was sold to the New York Yankees in 1919, he converted to a full-time right fielder and subsequently became one of the league's most prolific hitters. Made baseball the Great American Pastime, and popularized it greatly.
49. Fredrick Taylor- Production, Management, and Techniques researcher, greatly increased efficiency and production of American factories.
50. Bruce Barton- “The Man Nobody Knows”, explained successful advertising in comparison with Jesus’s teachings.
51. Fordney-McCumber Tariff- Raised American tariffs to other countries to protect American Industry- such as factories and farms against low prices. Congress displayed a pro-business attitude with this by also promoting foreign trade by offering huge loans to Europe who in turn would pay back the loan and buy more american goods.