Final Guide

Missouri Compromise: Proposed by Henry Clay in 1820, it stated that Missouri would enter as a slave state, while Maine would enter as a free state. 36-30 line established, which banned slavery anywhere above this line in the territories. It was a Compromise to protect the balance of free & slave state members.
9. Kansas-Nebraska Bil: It gave birth to the opposition of slavery. It stated the territories would be determined by pop. sov., which repealed the Missouri Compromise.
6. Compromise of 1850: Proposed mainly by Henry Clay. Stated that Cali. would enter the Union as a free state. Also, the rest of the territory won from Mexico would be left up to popular sovereignty. It prohibited slave trade in D.C., and established a stricter Fugitive Slave Law.
Sacking of Lawrence- In the spring of 1856, the Sacking of Lawrence helped ratchet up the guerrilla war in Kansas Territory that became known as Bleeding Kansas.
John C. Fremont: 1st Republican candidate. A loser. 1856.
19. Constitutional Union Party: Formed in 1860-wanted compromise on the idea of slavery, but it was too late for that. Candidate: John Bell
33. Fire-eaters: Wanted separate Southern civilization. Secession and expansion of slavery, <3. They wanted slavery in Mexico and the Caribbean. Slavery here, there, everywhere.
39. Doughface: Northern man with Southern principles, who supported slavery. (ex. Buchanan)
J.E.B. Stuart- He was a Confederate general who was widely known for his defeat at Gettysburg. He was separated from Lee, which led to confusion and ultimately their loss. He also attacked McClellan on the Peninsula campaign. He took over for Stonewall Jackson at the Battle of Chancellorsville.
Stonewall Jackson- He first becomes famous at the 1st Battle of Bull Run. His forces appear like they are losing but his regiment stands like a wall and defeat the Union. He is also famous for his success in the Shenandoah Valley, 2nd Battle of Bull Run, Antietam, and many other battles. He is killed at Chancellorsville by his own troops.
Gettysburg- This was the third in a series of battles of Lee to invade the North and overtake the Union. Here he lost to the Union because of a lucky guess by the Union army. They guessed that he was going to attack there center so they reinforced it. This was the beginning of the end of the battle. The Union won, and this was a major battle for them.
Vicksburg- During this battle the Union general was General Grant, and he beat the Confederacy in the West, with this victory and the victory of Gettysburg this was the turning point of the war. This and Gettysburg were major battles for the Confederacy.
Petersburg- There was a series of battles from late 1864 till mid 1865 around Petersburg, Virginia. These were the last battles, and the Siege of Petersburg was during the event when the surrender was forced upon General Lee.
Andersonville- Found in Georgia it is a site of a prisoner of war camp during the war, which just means that it held hostages.
This was a major battle in the Western theatre. It was fought between Johnston for the Confederates and Grant for the Union. The Confederates launched a surprise attack on Grant, and they were winning the first day, but they lost on the second day, and the Union won the battle.
Western War- Gave the Union army it;s first big breaks in the war, led by Grant until his promotion, then led by sherman.
Copperheads- They opposed the war through attacks against the draft, Lincoln, and emancipation.
Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan: 10% Plan-"Charity towards all, malice towards none". Once 10% of citizens in one of the 5 military districts of the South pledged allegiance to the Union, troops were withdrawn and reconstruction was done there.
Radicals: Led by Thaddeus Stevens-supported strict reconstruction-advocates of the Wade-Davis Bill. They believed the states had committed "suicide"-and HAD separated from the Union and were therefore "conquered provinces".
Johnson- Lincoln’s VP, took over reconstruction,Agreed with Lincoln on 10% Plan. Also disenfranchised many leading former Confederates and forced districts to ratify the 13th Amendment.
Reconstruction Acts of 1867-68/Tenure of Office Act- Creation of five military districts in the seceded states not including Tennessee, which had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and was readmitted to the Union. Requiring congressional approval for new state constitutions (which were required for Confederate states to rejoin the Union). Confederate states give voting rights to all men. All former Confederate states must ratify the 13th Amendment. Congress also passed the tenure of office act stating that a accidental president can not remove the previous president’s cabinet members without congressional approval. This was put in place to give a “legal reason to impeach Johnson over the firing of Sec. of War Stanton
Scalawags- Pro-union southerners that aided in reconstruction and that were corporative. Though of as traitors by non loyal white southerners.

17.Carpetbaggers-Northerner(soldiers, business men, etc) who moved to the south to find jobs and get financial benefit from the south’s reconstruction. Hated by white southerners. Moved with belongings wrapped in carpet
19.Knights of the white Camelia/KKK-The Knights of the White Camellia was a secret group opposing the carpetbaggers in the U.S. Southern states during the Reconstruction era and beyond. Like most of such groups, it was founded by a Confederate veteran, as veterans represented most of southern white men. It was similar to and associated with the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), as it supported white supremacy and was opposed to Republican government. However, unlike the Klan, which drew much of its membership from lower-class southerners (primarily Confederate veterans), the White Camellia consisted mainly of southerners who were or had been from higher classes. KKK was also a intimidation group. Made of mostly confed vets and other racist southerners
5. 13th Amendment: Freed slaves

6. 14th Amendment: Provided citizenship to freedmen

15th Amendment: Provide all males suffrage
1.Plessey V Ferguson-landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in private businesses (particularly railroads), under the doctrine of "separate but equal".
The Mugwumps were Republican political activists who bolted from the United States Republican Party by supporting Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in the United States presidential election of 1884. They switched parties because they rejected the financial corruption associated with Republican candidate James G. Blaine.
Beliefs of Carnegie- Gospel of Weath, thought that the fortune of others should be put to use and help the less fortunate.
Wall Street- Stock exchange, where the first millionaires were made.
Morgan- Millionaire, Banker
Rockefeller- Standard oil company, Horizontal integration, raises prices, bad monopoly
Horace Greely- Ran against Grant, liberal republican, beaten badly
Herbert Spencer- developed an all-embracing conception of evolution as the progressive development of the physical world, biological organisms, the human mind, and human culture and societies.
Homestead Act- one of three United States federal laws that gave an applicant freehold title to up to 160 acres (65 hectares or one-fourth section) of undeveloped federal land west of the Mississippi River. The law required three steps: file an application, improve the land, and file for deed of title.
Charles Guiteau- assassinated U.S. President James A. Garfield on July 2, 1881
Industries of Rev.- Steel, Railroad, Oil, etc
AFL- Large union org., Bread and Butter, effective, skilled only
Knight of Labor- unskilled.skilled,very successful until haymarket square, largest union org of the time, Terance Powderly
Cyrus Field- was an American businessman and financier who, along with other entrepreneurs, created the Atlantic Telegraph Company and laid the first telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean in 1858.
Washington Roebling-was an American civil engineer best known for his work on the Brooklyn Bridge, which was initially designed by his father John A. Roebling.
Fredrick Law Olmsted-Olmsted was famous for co-designing many well-known urban parks with his senior partner, Calvert Vaux, including Central Park and Prospect Park in New York City.
Department Stores-Marcy’s-NY, Marshall Fields- Chicago, Wannamarkers- Philly
Mining Towns- These towns sprang up overnight from the miners swarming into find gold, some are still major towns, but most have dwindled down to nothing.
Last Chance Gulge- Helena, Montanna
Pike’s Peak- Denver, Colorado
Buffalo Bill- A icon of the American west, he did “west themed variety shows”, contributed to the romanticized view of the the hard west. Befriended Indians.
Apache- War indians of the South West, led by Geronimo
Ghost Dance- Founded by Wovoca, Not taken well by US: Goal of the dance was
1. White man Gone
2.Return of the Buffalo
3.Dead warriors would rise up and rejoin the tripe to fight
Cowboy attire- Chaps, boots with spurs, 10 gallon/ cowboy hats. this attire was to adapt and live more easily on cattle drives and in the open plains.
Transcontinental Railroad- Linked the US from N to S and E to W.
Great Northern-James Hill, St. Paul to Seattle
Central Pacific KS to Promontory Point
Northern Pacific- Chicago to L.A
Reason for Homestead Failure-Not enough rain, didnt have tools for the enviro., gave up
George A. Custer- Civil war officer turned indian fighter, custer’s last stand(Little Big Horn)-killed there, most famous oops in the indian wars
Chief Joseph- Nez Perce Indian Chief, peaceful tribe until their land was beginning to be forcefully taken from them, led his entire tribe on a goose chase against the government that lasted apx. 4 months, finally surrendered and move to reservations, said “I wll fight no more forever”
Sitting Bull- The Religious, and war leader of the Sioux Indian Tribe, Toured with buffalo bill, seen as a more american indian than his other sioux chiefs(Crazy horse), he did sign treaties and negotiate with the army.
Jim Thorpe- Indian that went to the Carlisle school to be “saved, or americanized”. One of the greatest athletes of the 20th century.
Helen Hunt Jackson- “A Century of Dishonor”, a book that showed the horror and dishonor of the way the american government, and people treated the indians.
Frederick Jackson Turner- “The Significance of the Frontier in American History”, wrote book that illustrates the importance of the “scape-goat” way of thinking the west offered Americans up until the time of complete western settlement.
Longhorns- Texas breed of cow, the cow that was mainly in the cattle drives from texas to cow town so they could be transported to the east. very lean, Mr. Peck says this cow is not that good to eat.
39.Chisholm Trail- 1st and largest cattle trail in the west. Went from TX to Abilene, KS. Founded by Joseph McCoy.
Abilene- 1st cow town, made by Joseph McCoy, provided as a rail stop to transport cattle back east. Eventually banned cows and cowboys for their unsightliness
Grange-Farmer organization that provided social activities in the west, tried to influence politics,
Farmer Problems- Not enough money, wanted more greenbacks and inflation, chronically in debt, not enough buyers,cartels worked against them
Peoples party- populists, movement of the people, wanted inflation and a silver and gold standard, merged with the dems, not that effective, diesd down after the panic ended.
panic of 1893- not eough money in circulation, called for more green back in circulation
Mark Hanna- an American industrialist and Republican politician from Cleveland, Ohio. He rose to fame as the campaign manager of the successful Republican Presidential candidate, William McKinley, in the U.S. Presidential election of 1896 in a well-funded political campaign and subsequently became one of the most powerful members of the U.S. Senate.
Dwight Moody- Urban Revivalism
Linotype-line casting" machine used in printing. The name of the machine comes from the fact that it produces an entire line of metal type at once,a significant improvement over manual typesetting.
Nelly Bly-first woman journalist, hired by Pulitzer
Johns Hopkins- was a wealthy entrepreneur, philanthropist, and abolitionist of 19th century Baltimore, now most noted for his philanthropic creation of the institutions that bear his name, namely the Johns Hopkins Hospital, and the Johns Hopkins University and its associated divisions, in particular the schools of nursing, medicine, and public health.
Alfred T Mahan: "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History"
Poncho Villa: Fought alongside Hueta in favor of Madeo-bandit
Zapata: Leading figured in Mexican rebellion
Pershing: Battle of San Juan Hill
Bunau Varilla: French engineer-Panama
Aguinaldo: Philippine that fought with US against Spain
Teller Amendment: States that the US would not interfere with Cuba
Platt Amendment: Gave US control of Cuba and gave them military territories (GITMO)